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71.
72.
东方次睾吸虫电镜研究(吸虫纲:后睾科)V.雌性生殖器官 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
东方次睾吸虫雌性生殖器官(卵巢、输卵管、卵黄-输卵管、卵模、梅氏腺和子宫)透射电镜 观察。卵巢内有不同成熟期的生殖细胞,成熟初级卵母细胞有几个靠近核的核仁样小聚体和许多沿 质膜的皮质颗粒。首次发现并描述卵巢和输卵管接合处(卵巢壶腹)的超微结构。输卵管上皮为纤 毛状。梅氏腺仅一种类型膜状小体细胞,经有微管支持的细小管道穿过卵模将膜状小体排入卵模腔 内。在卵黄-输卵管和卵模中有精子,卵模和子宫中有受精卵、虫卵(扫描电镜):大小 26. 05× 11.46-13.55μm,卵盖直径6.26-6. 89μp,卵壳表面布满膜状隆起。文中对卵巢和梅氏腺的超微 结构特点进行了讨论。 相似文献
73.
F. Kocourek J. Havelka J. Bernkov V. Jaro
ik 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1994,71(1):59-64
Thermal requirements for development and life table statistics ofAphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera, Aphididae) were determined over a range of constant temperatures from 10 to 30°C. The lower development
threshold and the sum of effective temperatures were 6.9°C and 90.1°C, respectively, for preimaginal development, and 5.8°C
and 113.6°C from birth to the onset of reproduction. Mean total fecundity ranged from 36 larvae per female at 10°C to 76 larvae
at 30°C. On a time scale of days, net reproductive rate (R
o
) increased with increasing temperature while generation time (T) decreased causing the intrinsic rate of increase (r
m
) to increase linearly from 0.115 to 0.465. On a day-degree scaler
m
only varied from 0.019 to 0.028 because the growth ofR
o
was compensated by an increase inT with increase in temperature. The nearly constantr
m
in terms of day-degrees, over a wide range of temperatures, greatly simplifies the prediction of future population numbers
ofA. gossypii. 相似文献
74.
HELENA KORPELAINEN 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1994,114(4):357-366
KORPELAINEN, H., 1994. Growth, sex determination and reproduction of Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott gametophytes under varying nutritional conditions. Gametophyte isolates originating from two populations of Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott were grown in culture media containing different amounts of nutrients. Both nutrition and source population significantly affected gametophyte growth, sex, reproduction and mortality. Taking into account the most optimal nutritional condition for the selfing of gametophytes originating from individual source sporophytes, the proportions of hermaphrodites reproducing by intragametophytic selfing in the two populations varied from 33 to 96% and from 54 to 100%, respectively. It is emphasized that when examining the amount of genetic load only hermaphrodites, not all individuals, should be included, and genetic load should be estimated from the growth experiments where the intensity of reproduction is at the maximum. It was detected that hermaphroditic gametophytes are considerably larger than males or asexuals. It follows that gametophyte size is decisive in sex determination. It is suggested that the effect of antheridiogen hormones, which is considered to be an important factor in gametophyte sex determination, is indirect. Antheridiogens would actually affect size, and size would influence sex expression. The ecology of fern mating systems, and the different genetic and nongenetic factors which promote intergametophytic matings are discussed. 相似文献
75.
Nigel R. Merrett 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》1994,41(1-4):207-245
Synopsis The pelagic (589 spp.) and demersal (505 spp.) oceanic ichthyofaunas of the North Atlantic Basin have very different compositions at ordinal and family level. Yet the pattern of relationships between species' maximum size and maximum fecundity from data available (10% of the pelagic, 19% of the demersal species) was similar. A positive relationship between fecundity and weight was confirmed among most teleosts, but was not followed by the elasmobranchs represented. Species' reproductive styles are reviewed in ordinal groupings within a framework of the overall body size/fecundity distribution. Species size (maximum weight) spectra were synthesized for both pelagic and demersal assemblages to assess the allocation of potential reproductive effort throughout the North Atlantic oceanic ichthyofauna. The only available examples of species size spectra and biomass spectra from the pelagic and demersal ichthyofauna in this ocean basin imply geographic and bathymetric variation in overall reproductive effort among fishes whose fecundity is size dependent. Further implications concerning reproductive effort are discussed in the light of food availability. 相似文献
76.
L. Marchais 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1994,189(3-4):233-245
Morphometric and isozymic analyses of adjacent cultivated and spontaneous populations of pearl millet in Niger revealed in the field a unique continuous distribution of phenotypes ranging from the most cultivated one to a typical cultivated × wild hybrid. The natural population was subdivided into a major wild group and a hybrid wild × cultivated group. Cultivated millet displayed an equilibrium state between recombined domesticated and wild genes. The natural population, in spite of a high rate of immigration by pollen from cultivated plants, retained its structure by apparently reproducing itself exclusively from the major wild group. 相似文献
77.
Toshiya Masumoto 《Ecological Research》1994,9(2):159-165
Field observations on the relationship between male mating success and emergence timing in the funnel-web spider,Agelena limbata, were conducted.Agelena limbata is an annual species and adult males appear slightly earlier than adult females in July. As males deposit a copulatory plug
at the female epigynum after copulation, copulation with virgin females is important to males. The number of copulations in
males with virgin females, which strongly correlates with the longevity of males and the number of females that males courted,
did not correlate with the emergence timing of males. Early emerged males and females were significantly larger in size than
later ones, but the correlation coefficient between the emerged date and the cephalothorax width was not strong. Males that
emerged earlier did not have any advantage in copulating with larger and more fecund females. Furthermore, virgin females
first copulated on average 7.9 days after their final molt and the mortality rate of adult males increased after the final
molt. These factors may favor the smaller degree of protandry in male emergence timing inA. limbata. 相似文献
78.
Culture experiments are described in which Plantago lanceolata L. was grown from seedling till flowering under steady state conditions of optimum or suboptimum nitrate nutrition. In the optimum treatment, plants had free access to nitrate. In two suboptimum treatments, nitrate was added with constant relative addition rates (RAR) of 0.18 or 0.10 d–1 during the phase of constant relative uptake rates (RUR) of the plants and then with RAR's that were reduced stepwise from 0.18 to 0.07 d–1 or 0.10 to 0.04 d–1 when nutrient absorption gradually decreased. Reduction of the RAR's was aimed at maintenance of a balance between RAR and RUR. External nitrate concentrations were measured to monitor the reductions. In the vegetative phase, the relative growth rate (RGR) and the root weight ratio (RWR) of P. lanceolata were constant. In the reproductive phase, RGR's were constant, but lower, and RWR's decreased. Concentrations of organic-N in leaves were stable during the experimental period while those of the peduncles were lower and decreased with time. The ratio of reproductive to vegetative weight increased linearly with time. A number of plant parameters varied with N supply. ei]Section editor: T W Rufty 相似文献
79.
CATHERINE M. PICKERING 《Austral ecology》1994,19(3):336-344
Abstract The effect of plant size on reproduction in four species of alpine Ranunculus (R. muelleri, R. dissectifolius, R. graniticola and R. niphophilus) was investigated in two sites over two seasons in the field on a total of 190 plants. The effects of plant size (number of leaves) and number of flowers on the number of anthers, ovules and seed per flower and per plant were determined. There was a positive relationship between several measures of reproduction and plant size in all four species, indicating that reproduction is size-dependent. All the results indicate that the main factor controlling the amount of seed produced by alpine Ranunculus is the size of the plant. Specifically, bigger plants produced more seed by producing more flowers, not by producing more ovules per flower, or higher seed set per flower. Correspondingly, bigger plants produced more anthers by producing more flowers, rather than by producing flowers with more anthers. The total number of seeds produced by a plant was directly proportional to plant size in the four species. Therefore, reproductive effort should not vary with plant size in the four species. 相似文献
80.
InMenida scotti aduts which mate during hibernation, we examined the effect of photoperiod on diapause induction in terms of the developmental degree of reproductive organs and corpora allata. In a hibernating population, mating season and physiological changes related to dipause were investigated. When newly emerged adults were reared under long- or short-day conditions, reservoir of the ectodermal accessory gland and corpora allata in males developed, while the developments of ovary and corpora allata in females were suppressed under both conditions. This suggests that diapause of this species is induced only in females independently photoperiodic conditions during adult stage. In a hibernating population, mating was observed from early to late November and from late March to early May. Observations of the development of reproductive organs and corpora allata suggest that diapause is induced only in females in the former period, while both sexes are not in diapause in the latter period. 相似文献